The interplay between nation and cosmopolis will continue in the 21st century, but we can be sure that the pressures will be different.  As was always the case in the past, the economic and cultural progress of cities in this part of the world, even more than elsewhere,  will be closely tied to the managing of cosmopolis. Publication/Conference 4th International Malaysian Studies Conference; 3-5 August 2004, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi. Author: >Reid, Anthony.