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The paper points out the fact that what many female offenders in Malaysia and indirectly in Southeast Asia need is job opportunities as well as learning new skills. As factors that are related to recidivism are of the psychological and social nature, recidivists will require counseling and intervention. The paper also proposes that the social work profession and some non-governmental organizations could work hand in hand with the female prison authority to help in the “rehabilitation process??? and also the “aftercare??? of female prisoners.  Publication: 4th International Malaysian Studies Conference; 3-5 August 2004, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi. Author: Teh, Yik Koon. [Download]

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In this research project we try to capture the negotiation of so called ‘universal’ ‘development concepts’ in Muslim countries by focusing on the networks and interactions of Women’s NGOs with other actors such as the state, other local civil society groups, and regional/international organisations.  Publication: 4th International Malaysian Studies Conference; 3-5 August 2004, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi. Author: Spiegel, Anna. [Download]

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This paper will introduce a representative research carried out in 2000 on 507 mak nyah respondents on their characteristics. It will show that mak nyahs share basic characteristics with other transsexual identities in the region and throughout the world. This phenomenon cannot be explained socially as perceived by the general public. Most researchers accept that it could be due to both biological and social factors. Finally, this paper will discuss what should and could we do with this marginalized community.   Publication/Conference: 4th International Malaysian Studies Conference; 3-5 August 2004, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi.   Author: TEH, Yik Koon.  [Download]
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In the paper, ‘feminist’ refers simply to someone who is aware of the subordinate social position of women in his/her society and attempts to do something to reduce the gender inequity. Even from this definition, it is evident that Khadijah and Fatimah would not see eye to eye as to the evaluation of the women’s situation in this country as well as appropriate means to rectify it, hence the interest in comparing them. The only one common point that they share is that both of them had occupied the position of Ketua Kaum Ibu of UMNO, from 1954-56 for Khadijah Sidek and 1956-1972 for Fatimah Hashim respectively.  Publication: 4th International Malaysian Studies Conference; 3-5 August 2004, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi.  Author: Ting, Helen. [Download]

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Located amidst an ever-changing globalised landscape in which race, religion, ethnicity and gender are intersecting forces shaping people’s everyday experiences, this paper analyses women’s academic careers in an Islamic country.   Publication/Conference: 4th International Malaysian Studies Conference; 3-5 August 2004, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi.  Author: Lunn, Michelle.  [Download]
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