Indeed, terrorism and insurgency were much more acute problems in nearly all the Southeast Asian countries from the 1940s to 1980s. Similarly, religious consciousness and identity began to rise in Southeast Asia from the 1970s. While it is more visually pronounced among the Muslims, it is also evident among followers of other faiths, especially Christianity and Hinduism in Southeast Asia and elsewhere. Religious “fundamentalism??? is by no means limited to Muslims.   Paper presented by Dato’ Seri Mohamed Jawhar Hassan at the 9th Asian Security Conference held at New Delhi on 9 - 10 February 2007.  [Download]

This paper examines some conceptual premises of the notion of transnationalism in the light of work on Chinese in Britain and in Malaysia and Singapore . It finds that in the communities studied, migrants are likelier than settled groups to identify transnationally.  Author: Benton, Gregor & Gomez, Edmund Terence.  [Download]

Anyone observing the national unity scene in Malaysia would have noted the signs of decline for quite some time now. Views differ over when the slide began in earnest. I, like quite a few others, would put it in the Seventies, when issues of race and identity became sharpened after a spell when they moderated following the launch of the Rukunegara. The worst spike in national disunity of course occurred earlier, in the period preceding the May 13th Incident.  Publication: New Sunday Times, 3 December 2006.  Author: Mohamed Jawhar Hassan.  [Download]