It is clear from the above that there are well founded reasons for Malaysia’s (re)emphasis on agriculture. The medium-term course charted in the 9MP holds great promise. Within this development, there is also a continuing interplay between agri-food supply chain management (SCM) and the rise of supermarkets. Whether countries benefit or lose from these developments depends on the net benefits to consumers and producers arising from better prices, time costs, and food safety as well as access to markets, employment generated, skills and wage effects in the whole agri-food supply chain. Hence, it is critical to understand the dynamics of the interplay of key factors and to take a holistic perspective. Consequently, closer monitoring, more empirical study, and more rigorous policy analysis is vital.